From Wiki
"Ford is best-known as the creator of the "emery" or "scuff" ball, a pitch that was thrown with a ball that had been scuffed with a piece of emery. Ford won 26 games in his rookie season of 1910, becoming only the third player in major league history to win 20 games and strike out at least 200 batters in his first season."
He faded pretty quicky... IIRC, he was the only (or one of a very few) emery ball pitchers when he first appeared in the league. Soon there were lots, and perhaps the batters got used to it.