From the Help guide:
"In the Advanced Settings, pitch counts may be set for pitchers. The TPC is the Target Pitch Count. A pitcher will attempt to reach this many pitches in each game. In extenuating circumstances, he may pitch beyond his TPC, but will never exceed his Max Pitch Count. A pitcher will always come out of the game within a few pitches of his MPC (usually his TPC) based on the situation. In general, an SLB inning takes about 15 pitches."
As usual, WIS tells you how it works without really telling you how it works, but maybe it still helps somewhat. In your 80/150 example, it seems the sim would try to get the pitcher to 80, but allow him to go as high as 150 in their "extenuating circumstances" (maybe while pitching a no-hitter or closing out an inning where no other relievers are eligible to appear).